Northern Scientific Training Program
カナダ国内の大学院生の北極圏での研究を資金援助。来年度(2014−2015)応募締め切りは12月。よくある質問のページを見てみると対象はカナダ国籍又は永住権を持った学生のみらしい…残念!
AEROCOM
CMIPの大気エアロゾルモデル版のようなもの。現段階では季節性を再現することも難しいらしい。参照:Shindel et al., 2008
Browse et al., 2012
- seasonal cycle (processes diagram)
- fixed the "inverse" seasonal cycle problem
Browse et al., 2013
- complex response of Arctic CCN to sea-ice retreat
Residence time is inversely proportional to particle size of aerosols.
- small --> live long
- big --> live short
SSA (Sea Spray Aerosols)
O'Dowd, 2004 (Nature)
- looked at sea-salt CCN
- SSA
- sea salt
- organic carbon
- alkaline
- hydroxyl
- ...
- TOC
- POC ~10% (P,Z,D,B)
- DOC ~90%
Ice & mixed-phase clouds
- Ice nuclei
- mineral dust
- BC
- Biological particles
- crystalline salts
- organic glasses
- particles in oceans
- others
- Under-ice Melosira mats
- Arctic MLD ~20 m: easy access of DMS for atmosphere.
- Diatoms don't have DMSPp-lysis!
- Two types of marine DMS production (Which type does Arctic ecosystem belong to?)
- Bloom dominated regime (i.e. DMS is proportional to CHL)
- Stress-forced regime
DGF (Dehydration Greenhouse Feedback)
GEM-MACH (Global Environment Multiscale-Modeling Air quality and Chemistry)
CanAM4.2
- Prognostic aerosol microphysics (size distribution)
- Sulphate, sea salt, mineral dust, hydrophobic and hydrophilic black and organic carbon
Steiner et al., 2012: Time-varying S:N ratio
Chang et al., 2011
- Aerosol compositon and sources in the central Arctic
- Organic carbon is significant.
Schmale 2013: Sub-Antarctic marine aerosol: dominant contributions from biogenic sources
Pico (0.2-2 um)
Nano (2-20)
Micro (>20)
Among these algae, nanoalgae seems to be the greatest DMS producer.
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The impact of DMS on the climate system depends on the response of the microphysics above. |
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